BantuFirst contributes to geography, inventory, and description of Teke languages in DRC and Congo

As the outcome of fieldwork done as part of the BantuFirst project, Guy Kouarata, Sara Pacchiarotti and Koen Bostoen have a new French paper out on the geography, inventory and description of the Teke languages in DRC and Congo. It includes new lexical data collected during survey missions in “Teke-speaking” areas from April 8 to June 15, 2021 and from June 29 to August 15, 2022. These surveys aimed at a better mapping of the geographical distribution of Teke varieties, especially in the DRC. The new lexical data, one list containing 650 lexical correspondences in 11 Teke varieties that are little or not at all described (https://osf.io/​gn6ka), and another of about 370 correspondences in 12 other varieties (https://osf.io/​vdfxt) are available in open access on the Open Science Framework. The article has just been published in the journal Linguistique et langues africaines: https://journals.openedition.org/lla/12921.

 

Fieldwork sites and languages

Belgian Knack magazine covers BantuFirst research

Op 7 februari 2024 rapporteert het Nederlandstalig Belgisch tijdschrift Knack in zijn rubriek “Planeet Draulans” over de Nature paper met betrekking tot de verspreiding van de Bantoetalen waaraan het BantuFirst-team bijdroeg.

Popular science magazine EOS reports on BantuFirst research

Het Nederlandstalig populariserend wetenschappelijk tijdschrift EOS Wetenschap rapporteert online over BantuFirst-onderzoek met betrekking tot de verspreiding van de Bantoetalen.

 

De taal kruipt waar ze niet gaan kan, toont de verspreiding van Bantoe in Afrika

Genetisch onderzoek toont voor het eerst welke migratieroutes West-Afrikaanse Bantoesprekers duizenden jaren geleden namen. De reizigers lieten zich allerminst afschrikken door hoogvlaktes, regenwouden of woestijnen. De bevindingen kunnen ook onderzoek naar gezondheidsproblemen in Congo bevorderen.

https://wmimages.eoswetenschap.eu/styles/ca22926e0fb49e9e626661a8fb0307d682e89d0c/article/Schermafbeelding%202023-12-04%20om%2015.38.50.png?style=W3sicmVzaXplIjp7ImZpdCI6Imluc2lkZSIsIndpZHRoIjoxOTIwLCJoZWlnaHQiOjEwODAsIndpdGhvdXRFbmxhcmdlbWVudCI6dHJ1ZX19XQ==&sign=843e1edb4c029da62453801085297736c15bc3dbfb3dcc7ec1595dc3fa5995aa

Met zo’n vijfhonderd talen en meer dan 350 miljoen sprekers is Bantoe de grootste taalfamilie van Afrika. De verspreiding begon zes- tot vierduizend jaar geleden vanuit West-Afrika, en geldt als een van de belangrijkste demografische gebeurtenissen op het hele continent. Het culturele en biologische landschap is sindsdien drastisch veranderd.

In een nieuwe paper, die zopas verschenen is in het wetenschappelijke tijdschrift Nature, lichten onderzoekers toe hoe die verspreiding precies is gebeurd. Het team van wetenschappers – een interdisciplinaire groep van taalkundigen, genetici en biologen – achterhaalde dat de Bantoesprekers naar het oosten maar ook naar het zuiden van het continent trokken.

Regenwouden en savannes

Vooral die zuidwaartse trek is vrij uitzonderlijk. Meestal vestigen migrerende gemeenschappen zich in regio’s met een vergelijkbaar klimaat en milieu. Meerdere groepen Bantoesprekers uit West-Afrika deden dat niet: ze doorkruisten hoogland in Kameroen, regenwouden in Centraal-Afrika en savannes in het zuidwesten van het continent.

De onderzoekers stelden ook vast dat de Bantoegemeenschappen zich niet in één keer massaal verspreidden, maar dat de migratie veeleer in golven verliep. Het huidige Zambia en de Democratische Republiek Congo waren daarbij cruciaal: verschillende migratieroutes kwamen daar samen.

Het onderzoeksteam baseerde zich voor zijn bevindingen op genetische data van 1.763 individuen, waaronder 1.526 Bantoesprekers uit 147 verschillende talengemeenschappen in veertien Afrikaanse landen. Het analyseerde ook oud-DNA van twaalf individuen uit de late IJzertijd. Die gegevens werden verzameld door een groep van Gentse en Congolese onderzoekers.

Intensieve contacten

De onderzoekers ontdekten daarbij ook dat de migranten uit West-Afrika intensieve contacten aangingen met anderstalige bevolkingsgroepen die al in die regio’s leefden, zoals jagers-verzamelaars in het regenwoud van Congo en de Kalahariwoestijn. Tot die bevindingen waren de onderzoekers niet gekomen als ze uitsluitend naar taalgegevens hadden gekeken, stellen ze. 

De genetische dataset waarop de studie is gebaseerd, kan in de toekomst een ander doel dienen, zegt klinisch bioloog Joris Delanghe (UGent), die meewerkte aan de studie. ‘Ze zal ook een voorname rol spelen in onderzoek naar gezondheidsproblemen waarmee verschillende regio’s in Congo geconfronteerd worden.’

Tot de Bantoetalen behoren onder meer het Lingala, Kiswahili en Kikongo. Die worden vandaag ook in België en elders in Europa veel gesproken.

Bron: Koen Bostoen, Universiteit Gent

Beeld: Peter Coutros, Universiteit Gent

BantuFirst contributes to new Nature paper on the Bantu Expansion

In a new interdisciplinary study published in Nature, an international group of scientists confirms that the spread of the Bantu language family, which started in West Africa about 5,000 years ago, was mainly driven by human migration. Migrating Bantu speakers spread their languages and new ways of life throughout central, eastern and southern Africa. In the process, they established intensive contacts with populations speaking other languages who already lived in those regions, such as hunter-gatherers in the Congo rainforest and the Kalahari Desert. Most contemporary Bantu speakers have distant ancestors originating from West Africa, while a minority are descended from local populations. The expansion of Bantu languages and their speakers dramatically transformed the linguistic, cultural and biological landscape of Africa.

 

This new study is based primarily on modern genetic data from 1763 individuals, including 1526 Bantu speakers from 147 different language communities in 14 different African countries, as well as ancient genetic data (aDNA) from 12 individuals from the Late Iron Age. More than one-third of the new data comes from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), previously underrepresented in evolutionary genetic studies. Together with their Congolese partners, the Ghent research teams of Prof. Koen Bostoen (BantUGent, Department of Languages and Cultures, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy) and Prof. Joris Delanghe (Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences) collected modern genetic data. These genetic data were analyzed at the University of Uppsala (Sweden) under the direction of Prof. Carina Schlebusch.

 

The full study can be consulted at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06770-6

press release Nature Bantu UGent

communiqué de presse Nature Bantu UGent

persbericht Nature Bantu UGent

Former BantuFirst team member Sara Pacchiarotti wins an ERC starting grant

The European Research Council (ERC) awarded 400 young researchers with a prestigious Starting Grant, including five researchers at Ghent University. One of them is our former BantuFirst team member Sara Pacchiarotti to do the groundbreaking research proposed in her CONGUBANGI project whose summary is below. Her team will work on the other side of the Congo rainforest.

 

Vijf ERC starting grants (large view)

 

The Congo-Ubangi watershed in the northern margins of the Congo rainforest is home to a complex mosaic of genealogically and structurally diverse languages spoken by small-size communities with different material cultures and subsistence specializations. Straddling the borders of three modern countries in Central Africa, i.e., Congo-Kinshasa, Congo-Brazzaville, and the Central African Republic, it is a major hotbed of linguistic, cultural, and genetic diversity with a deep history of human occupation. Despite the myriad of insights it could generate about language evolution and deep human past, it is poorly known due to difficulty of access and an astonishingly intricate configuration. CONGUBANGI will realize a breakthrough in our understanding of how linguistic diversity correlates with cultural and genetic diversity and why it originated and persisted in this specific ecoregion for millennia through an interdisciplinary approach involving linguistics, archaeology, and genetics. Understanding the genesis of a central area in the continent where mankind originated represents a unique opportunity to learn about our shared human history of evolution, migration, and diversification, and their impact on human language, a faculty unique among all forms of animal communication. Beyond research, CONGUBANGI will replicate world-wide efforts to preserve local linguistic diversity in a region where it is threatened to extinction by multiple uniformizing pressures, so that it can be made permanently available for posterity.

Prof. Jean-Pierre Donzo (ISP-Gombe, Kinshasa) at UGent for BantuFirst research stay

From April 4 until June 30, 2023, Prof. Jean-Pierre Donzo (ISP-Gombe, Kinshasa) is on a BantuFirst-funded research leave at Ghent University to

  1. work on the new data he collected on Lotwa Bantu languages during a BantuFirst-funded fieldwork mission in the Sankuru province last year;
  2. prepare a new phylogenetic study on Bantu languages of the Congo Rainforest with Guy Kouarata, Sara Pacchiarotti and Koen Bostoen;
  3. continue his historical-comparative research on the velar merger in Central-Western Bantu languages with Sara Pacchiarotti and Koen Bostoen;
  4. prepare new fieldwork on Lotwa Bantu languages in the Kasai province;
  5. have fun and beers with colleagues.

Jean-Pierre Donzo at work in the office

Jean-Pierre Donzo at work with Guy Kouarata at the UGent Happy Hour

 

 

Prof. Igor Matonda (UNIKIN) at UGent for BantuFirst research stay

Igor Matonda presenting at the BantuFirst workshop (March 30, 2023)
Igor Matonda, Els Cornelissen and Guy Kouarata at the BantuFirst workshop (March 29, 2023)

From March 24 until June 27 Prof. Igor Matonda (UNIKIN) is on a BantuFirst-funded research leave at Ghent University. Apart from consulting and exchanging with colleagues at the Department , the main goals of his stay are to

  1. participate in BantuFirst workshop An Archaeology of the Bantu Expansion: early settlers south of the Congo rainforest (March 29-30, 2023),
  2. prepare the forthcoming joint volume An Archaeology of the Bantu Expansion: Early Settlers South of the Congo Rainforest (Routledge) of which he is co-editor;
  3. present online the talk titled Mapping the Archaeological Landscape of the Kwilu-Kasaï River Network, DRC at the 26th Biennial Meeting of the Society of Africanist Archaeologists at Rice University.
Igor Matonda and Koen Bostoen sharing deep thoughts on African archaeology during an Orthodox Easter party offered by Peter Coutros and Jessamy Doman

New book on Proto-Bantu grammar with BantuFirst input

This book is about reconstructing the grammar of Proto-Bantu, the ancestral language at the origin of current-day Bantu languages. While Bantu is a low-level branch of Niger-Congo, the world’s biggest phylum, it is still Africa’s biggest language family. This edited volume attempts to retrieve the phonology, morphology and syntax used by the earliest Bantu speakers to communicate with each other, discusses methods to do so, and looks at issues raised by these academic endeavours. It is a collective effort involving a fine mix of junior and senior scholars representing several generations of expert historical-comparative Bantu research. It is the first systematic approach to Proto-Bantu grammar since Meeussen’sBantu Grammatical Reconstructions (1967). Based on new bodies of evidence from the last five decades, most notably from northwestern Bantu languages, this book considerably transforms our understanding of Proto-Bantu grammar and offers new methodological approaches to Bantu grammatical reconstruction.

https://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/373

book cover

BantuFirst workshop “An Archaeology of the Bantu Expansion: early settlers south of the Congo rainforest” (March 29-30, 2023)

Where? Simon Stevin Room, Plateau-Rozier, Jozef Plateaustraat 22 (Day 1); Faculty Council Room, Blandijnberg 2 (Day 2)

When? March 29-30, 2023, 12pm-6pm

 

Between 2018 and 2022 the BantuFirst archaeology team conducted seven field seasons across Kinshasa, Kwilu, Mai-Ndombe, and Kongo-Central provinces. Through a combination of large-scale survey and targeted excavations, the project has identified 176 new sites ranging in age from the Middle Stone Age (~300ka BP) through the colonial period. Excavations at 26 of these locations has produced voluminous new information on the changing material culture, subsistence practices, and settlement patterns of the communities south of the Congo rainforest, as well as the evolving palaeoenvironmental conditions in which they lived. This data also includes c. 100 new carbon-14 dates, extending from 30ka – 400 BP, with which these processes have been radiometrically anchored. This BantuFirst workshop is meant to prepare an edited book volume that will publish, contextualize and valorize this wealth of new and varied datasets. It will develop from these original data new insights on early settlement south of the Congo rainforest over the last three millennia, and challenge settled truths about the Bantu Expansion. In order to expand the scope and perspectives, multiple subject experts unaffiliated with the BantuFirst project have been included as contributors to the workshop and the volume.

 

BantuFirst research presented for UNIKIN delegation at UGent

Prof P. Kapagama & Prof G. Mvumbi Lelo in charge of international partnerships at Kinshasa University visited Ghent University for a meet and greet at Het Pand on Thursday 20 October  2022 from 14h-16h30. Peter Coutros, Guy Kouarata, and Koen Bostoen briefly presented ongoing BantuFirst research in the DRC in close collaboration with Prof. Igor Matonda from Kinshasa University (UNIKIN).